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Anyone interested in researching and developing clean energy innovation should follow these five steps to become eligible for U.S. government funding from EERE.

U.S. Department of Energy

The funding application process used by DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) involves multiple steps, which can take several months from start to finish. Hundreds of successful EERE projects have already helped increase the use and effectiveness of affordable renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies across the United States.

Here’s what you do: 

  1. Know what funding is available from EERE 
  2. Get ready to apply for financial opportunities 
  3. Navigate the application process

Know What Funding Is Available 

The EERE Funding Opportunity eXCHANGE serves as the “home base” for anyone interested in registering, monitoring, and applying for financial assistance. EERE uses this free, web-based platform to issue competitive solicitations, or funding opportunity announcements (FOAs), year-round following a consistent process.

Typically, funding notices are preceded by a request for information (RFI) and/or a notice of intent (NOI). RFIs represent the initial fact-finding and need-identifying phase of the process, while NOIs serve as a hypothetical heads-up for interested applicants to better understand EERE’s areas of interest for a potential funding opportunity, though one is not guaranteed.

EERE also makes other types of financial opportunities available to researchers, individuals, and businesses, including unsolicited proposals and non-competitive formula grants.

"Doing business with EERE - The U.S. Department of Energy's EERE works with businesses, industries, universities, and other stakeholders to increase the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies."
Graphic showing the flow of the financial assistance process.

Learn more about EERE’s mission and goals.

Learn more about the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA).

Learn more about the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL).

Get Ready to Apply for EERE Funding

Start by completing the required registrations, all of which are free to sign up for and maintain. All potential applicants should obtain the following: 

Please note that the email address associated with Login.gov must match the email address associated with your eXCHANGE account! 

EERE recommends creating a Grants.gov account to receive automatic email updates related to any FOA amendments. If your application is selected, you will then need to register with FedConnect to accept the award and receive award documents. 

Navigating the Application Process

The exact process and information required for each FOA can vary, so please review each FOA carefully for guidance on the required process and information. All applicants should verify their eligibility to apply for federal funding in Section IIIA of each FOA before beginning the application process.  For more information, review the User Manuals on eXCHANGE or find forms, templates, and guidance from EERE. 

Steps in the Application Process

Five boxes of red, green and blue depicting the five stages of the funding process.

Interested applicants will need to download the FOA from EERE Exchange, an EERE web-based application system for financial assistance. Every FOA document includes the following sections:

  • Section I provides specific information about the topic areas EERE plans to fund.
  • Section II outlines the amount of funding available, the duration of projects, and the funding agreement type (e.g., cooperative agreement, grant, etc.).
  • Section III provides the eligibility and cost-sharing requirements.
  • Section IV details the submission requirements (e.g., technical volume, budget, etc.).
  • Section V provides technical criteria that independent third-party reviewers will use to evaluate all applications.
  • Section VI describes how you will be notified and additional administrative requirements.
  • Section VII includes EERE contact information.
  • Section VIII provides important information such as disclosures and your rights to subject inventions and technical data.

Read the FOA carefully and follow the submission requirements. If there are any inconsistencies between the FOA and any presentations or DOE staff statements, the FOA takes precedence. Applicants may seek clarification via email from the mailbox identified on the cover page and in Section VII of the FOA document.

The required registrations can take several weeks, so plan to complete them well in advance of submission deadlines listed on the cover page of the FOA.

To apply for the FOA,  register with ALL of the following systems:

System of Award Management (SAM):  Use the SAM Status tracker to verify whether your organization is already registered. New registration requires a notarized letter that identifies an entity administrator, and it takes at least 10 business days to process registrations. This step is not necessary for the concept paper but must be completed before full applications are due.

All entities doing business with the federal government must use a Unique Entity Identifier (UEI). The UEI is a 12-character alphanumeric ID that SAM.gov automatically assigns all registered entities.

Login.gov: To make the sign-in process more secure, the EERE eXCHANGE has been updated to integrate with Login.gov—a secure service used by the public to sign into participating government agencies. All potential applicants and reviewers must have a Login.gov account to apply to open opportunities. 

EERE Exchange: Submit all application materials  through EERE Exchange. Register to apply for the FOA at least 24 hours before the first submission deadline. Applicants will be assigned a control number for use on all  application documents. Note: Maximum file size for uploads is 10MB.

Grants.gov: Create an account to receive email updates for any FOA amendments.

FedConnect: If an application is selected, you are invited to negotiate an award. Register with FedConnect to accept the award and receive award documents.

A Letter of Intent may be required. It is a web form on EERE Exchange and not a letter that needs to be attached and submitted. It should not contain any proprietary or sensitive business information. The FOA outlines the specific requirements and may contain information such as organization type, the project team, and a short 200-word project description.

Concept papers may be required to save the time and expense of preparing a full application if the proposed concept does not meet the FOA’s intent.

After submitting a concept paper, applicants are notified via email whether they are “encouraged” or “discouraged” to submit a full application. You may submit a full application even if you receive a notification discouraging you from doing so.

Concept paper requirements are described in the FOA. Typical requirements include the following information:

  • Project title
  • Specific FOA topic area being addressed (if applicable)
  • The technical and business points of contact
  • Names of all team member organizations
  • Any confidentiality statements
  • A technical description that outlines the proposed technology
  • The current state of the art and how the research would move that technology forward
  • The proposed project team and how it will access the necessary equipment and facilities

If a concept paper is required, applicants typically have at least 30 days from the time EERE posts the encouraged/discouraged notifications on EERE Exchange to submit a full application. If a concept paper is not required, applicants typically have 60 days to submit a full application.  Always refer to the deadline date(s) published on the FOA cover page.

Each FOA describes the specific documents to include with the full application submission. Required documents typically include, but may not be limited to, the following:

  • Application for Federal Assistance (SF-424)
  • Technical Volume
  • Statement of Project Objectives
  • Budget Justification
  • Disclosure of Lobbying Activities (SF-LLL)
  • Project summary/abstract for public release.

Provide one or more of the following documents, if applicable:

  • U.S. Manufacturing Plan
  • Data Management Plan
  • Contracting Officer Approval if a DOE Federally Funded Research and Development Center is involved
  • Waiver requests for foreign entities and performance of work outside the United States.

Most recipients must contribute to the project’s total cost. Cost sharing augments federal funding to increase the project’s impact. It also ensures that recipients have a financial stake in the project’s success.

Generally, research and development projects must provide a minimum of 20% cost share, and demonstration projects must provide a minimum of 50% cost share.

Provide written assurance of your proposed cost share contributions in full applications. If cost share is being contributed by a third party, it must be verifiable upon submission of the full application.

Determine how best to allocate the cost share requirement amongst the project team members. The amount contributed by project team members may vary, as long as the project’s cost share requirement  as a whole is met.

Section III of the FOA contains important information about the cost sharing requirement.

The evaluation process starts with an eligibility review followed by a technical review by independent subject matter experts. This technical review is often referred to as a merit review.

EERE typically gives applicants an opportunity to respond to the independent reviewers’ comments. If applicable, this process will be outlined in the FOA document. EERE may also invite applicants to a pre-selection interview, which allows EERE to ask questions regarding the proposed project.

When selecting applications for award negotiation, EERE considers information from required reviews, the program policy factors described in the FOA, and the amount of federal funds available.

Learn more about how EERE evaluates funding applications or reference current merit review guides for financial assistance.

EERE Exchange sends notifications of award selections by email. A selection notification is not a commitment from EERE to provide funding. Negotiation includes deciding the final scope of work, including project milestones, schedule, and budget.

Awards may be rescinded if there is no responses to award communications or if applicants miss negotiation deadlines.

In addition, a Data Management Plan (DMP) may be required. The DMP should, at minimum: (1) describe how the results from the proposed work will be validated if the data are not shared or preserved; and (2) have a plan for making all published data resulting from the proposed work digitally accessible at the time of publication.

When negotiations are complete and the EERE Contracting Officer approves the award, a start date is established and the project work begins. Projects can run 1–5 years, depending on the FOA and the negotiated scope of work and schedule.

Projects are initially funded for the first budget period, typically 1 year, with future budget periods contingent upon satisfactory performance and EERE’s Go/No-Go decision review.

At the Go/No-Go decision points, EERE will evaluate project performance resulting in one of the following actions: continue the project; recommend redirection of work; place a hold on federal funding for the project; or discontinue funding the project.

The Go/No-Go decision criteria are described in the approved scope of work (Statements of Project Objectives). This federal oversight ensures projects reach their intended objectives, helping protect taxpayer dollars.

Receiving taxpayer funds to support commercial inventions comes with certain obligations to the public. Rights to intellectual property developed under an award depend on whether the awardee is a domestic small business, university, nonprofit, large or foreign business, or state or local government.

There are many misconceptions about the federal government’s rights  over intellectual property developed with federal funding. This overview and the FOA itself will help  determine what  to do to own the rights to intellectual property developed under the award. The following is intended to dispel some common myths:

MYTH: DOE will share an awardee’s proprietary information.

FACT: DOE will make every effort to keep proprietary information confidential and not available to the public. In addition, DOE may agree to keep any technical data generated under the award private (i.e., not available to the public) for up to 5 years. Any proprietary data generated with private funding before the award will be protected indefinitely.

In the past, requesters have filed Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) for FOA applications. FOIA requires the government to provide any information or documents upon request.

In that case, DOE may ask an applicant for a copy of the application with proposed redactions of proprietary information. A DOE legal representative will review redactions to ensure that only proprietary items are redacted.

MYTH: DOE regularly grants licenses to third parties to use recipients’ inventions.

FACT: In reality, DOE has never exercised its “march-in rights” to grant a license to a third party to use an awardee’s invention for payment. These rights may be exercised only if:

  • The owner or licensee has not taken or is not expected to take effective steps to achieve practical application of the invention within a reasonable time;
  • The owner or licensee has not taken action to alleviate health or safety concerns;
  • The owner has not met federally mandated public use requirements to a reasonable degree; or
  • The U.S. Manufacturing requirement has not been met.

If the day comes when march-in rights are warranted, recipients have the right to contest this by presenting evidence and witnesses, confronting witnesses, appearing with counsel, and appealing any adverse decision.

MYTH: Recipients will not be allowed to copyright the work produced with a DOE award.

FACT: Recipients may copyright the work produced under an award and will own that copyright, but DOE has the license to use it. For example, if a company uses DOE funding to develop and copyright new software, the government can use that software at no cost.

Email any questions to the FOA-specific email address found on the cover page of the FOA document.

For problems logging on to EERE Exchange or uploading documents, email EERE-ExchangeSupport@hq.doe.gov, and include the FOA title and number in the subject line.