On June 1, the U.S. DRIVE Cradle-to-Grave Working Group published the "Cradle-to-Grave Lifecycle Analysis of U.S. Light-Duty Vehicle-Fuel Pathways: A Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Economic Assessment of Current (2015) and Future (2025–2030) Technologies" Argonne National Lab Report.

The study provides a comprehensive cradle-to-grave (C2G) analysis of the cost, greenhouse gas emissions, levelized cost of driving, cost of avoided greenhouse gas emissions, and technology readiness level of key fuel and vehicle technology pathways. Co-authors are from Argonne National Laboratory; the U.S. Department of Energy’s Vehicle Technologies, Fuel Cell Technologies, and Bioenergy Technologies Offices; the National Renewable Energy Laboratory; the Electric Power Research Institute; Fiat Chrysler Automobiles; General Motors; Chevron; and Ford.